Python’s issubclass() Function

• class: The class that you want to check.
• classinfo: A class or a tuple of classes to check against.

Example 1: Basic Usage

Let’s start with a simple example:

class A:
    pass

class B(A):
    pass

print(issubclass(B, A))  # Output: True

Here, we define two classes, A and B, where B inherits from A. The issubclass() function checks if B is a subclass of A, which it is, so the output is True.

Example 2: Checking Against Multiple Classes

You can also pass a tuple of classes to check if a class is a subclass of any of them:

class C:
    pass

class D:
    pass

class E(C):
    pass

print(issubclass(E, (C, D)))  # Output: True

In this case, class E is a subclass of class C, so the output is True.

Example 3: Inheriting from Built-in Classes

issubclass() works with built-in classes as well:

print(issubclass(int, object))  # Output: True

Here, int is a subclass of the object class, so the output is True.

Example 4: Handling Abstract Base Classes (ABCs)

issubclass() is commonly used with abstract base classes:

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Shape(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        pass

class Rectangle(Shape):
    def area(self):
        return 10

print(issubclass(Rectangle, Shape))  # Output: True

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Shape(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        pass
class Rectangle(Shape):
    def area(self):
        return 10
print(issubclass(Rectangle, Shape))  # Output: True

In this example, Rectangle is a subclass of Shape, an abstract base class defining a method area(). issubclass() confirms this relationship.

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